Aditya L1 - India's First Solar Mission

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Introduction
The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) is preparing for its next ambitious project that could contribute significantly to our understanding of our solar system in the aftermath of successful trips to Mars and the Moon. The planned Aditya-L1 solar mission is set to shed light on the intricate operations of our Sun, the exact thing that keeps life on Earth alive.


Why is ISRO studying the sun?
Our nearest star, the Sun, makes it possible to examine stars in great detail, which is challenging with other far-off stars. The dynamic activity on this celestial planet extends far beyond its apparent surface. It occasionally unleashes enormous energy bursts and displays a variety of eruptive characteristics.
However, these solar flares might have an effect on our highly advanced society by disrupting the near-Earth space environment. Early detection and action are crucial to preventing any such disruptions. As a natural laboratory, the Sun offers an invaluable setting for the study of these elusive phenomena, which cannot be directly reproduced in any controlled laboratory setting.

What is Lagrange point 1?
According to NASA, a Lagrange point is a location in space where "the gravitational attraction of two massive objects precisely equals the centripetal force necessary for a small object to travel with them. By using these locations in space, spacecraft can spend less fuel to maintain their position. This basically means that at that time, an object put between two heavenly bodies will effectively maintain its relative location while travelling with them due to the gravitational attraction and repulsion between them.


Lagrange points come in five varieties: L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5. According to NASA, "the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Satellite SOHO is currently based at the L1 point of the Earth-Sun system, which provides an uninterrupted view of the Sun."

Objectives of Aditya L1 Mission
The goals of the Aditya-L1 mission are varied and include studying different aspects of solar dynamics. These consist of studying
  • Coronal heating
  • The processes accelerating solar wind
  • The beginning of flares and coronal mass ejections
  • The complex dynamics of the solar atmosphere, as well as
  • How solar wind and temperature anisotropy are distributed. 
Payloads of Aditya L1
Each of the seven tools the satellite is equipped with is designed to investigate a distinct layer of the Sun. Three of these payloads will perform on-the-spot particle and field analyses, while the other four will be positioned at L1 to study the Sun directly.
 
  1. Visible Emission Line Coronagraph
  2. Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope
  3. Solar Low Energy X-Ray Spectrometer
  4. High Energy L1 Orbiting X-Ray Spectrometer
  5. Aditya Solar Wind Particle Experimentation
  6. Plasma Analyser Package for Aditya
  7. Advanced Tri-Axial High Resolution Digital Magnetometer 
The Corona, imaging, spectroscopy, and Coronal mass ejections will all be studied via the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC).
The narrow and broad photosphere and chromosphere imaging will be the primary focus of the Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT). Additionally, it will track changes in solar irradiation.
The Soft and Hard X-ray Flares from the Sun will be studied over a wide X-ray energy range by the Solar Low Energy X-ray Spectrometer (SoLEXS) and High Energy L1 Orbiting X-ray Spectrometer (HEL1OS).
The electrons and protons in the solar wind or particles will be analysed by the Aditya Solar wind Particle Experiment (ASPEX) and the Plasma Analyzer Package for Aditya (PAPA). It will also research the powerful ions.
The Advanced Tri-axial High Resolution Digital Magnetometers will study the interplanetary magnetic field at L1 point.

Conclusion
Aditya-L1 is a fully indigenous effort with the participation of national institutions, an ISRO official said. The nation's mission, which could fundamentally alter our understanding of the mechanics of the Sun and space weather, is marked by this significant project.

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